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The mode of
Transmission
Contents:
1. Fast Facts (Click Here)
2. The mode of
transmission (Click Here)
1. Fast Facts:
- The hepatitis
B virus (HBV) is actually spread very much like the HIV.
- For an
individual suffering from an acute infection, HBV will be
present in almost all bodily fluids.
- HBV is able
to remain of any surface it cones into contact with for
around a week, e.g. table-tops, razor blades,
skin-pricking apparatus, blood stains.
- HBV can enter
the body through small breaks in the skin, even the
mouth.
- HBV, unlike
the rubella virus, is a large virus and does not cross
the placenta.
- Hence it
cannot infect the foetus unless there has been breaks in
the maternal-foetal barrier, e.g. via amniocentesis.
- Vaccination
against hepatitis B offers almost 100% protection.
2.
The Mode of Transmission and the People at
Risk:
- The use of
communal or inadequately sterilised syringes and needles,
an other skin-pricking apparatus, e.g. drug abusers,
acupuncturists and tattooists.
- Via sexually
promiscuous individuals who engage in unprotected sexual
intercourse.
- The sharing
of common household items, e.g. razor blades, towels,
toothbrush, combs, bedding.
- Via blood
sucking insects, e.g. bed bugs, body lice.
- Infants born
to infected or carrier mothers. More than 70% of infected
neonates go on to become carriers and are 200 times more
likely to suffer from liver cancer than a non-carrier
later in life if they are males.
- Via blood
transfusion, e.g. haemophiliacs and anaemics.
- Health care
workers who are frequently exposed to blood and other
bodily fluids, e.g. saliva, semen, vaginal discharge.
- People who
frequently play contact sports, who are likely to suffer
cuts and abrasions.
- Frequent
travelers to highly endemic areas of hepatitis B.
References:
C.J.Oon, 1995, Viral hepatitis from A to F
C.J.Oon, Hepatitis B: clinical features and prospects
for elimination
C.J.Oon, 1991, Landmarks in the prevention and treatment of
hepatitis B virus infection
El-Fadil E Omer, 1995, Clinical significance of markers of
hepatitis B
Paul Miskovitz, 1996, Overview of viral hepatitis
Robert's HBV Page
Public information pamphlet by SmithKline Beecham
Pharmaceuticals.
For more Information :
Dr Sing Kong Yuen
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